Seven Most Promising Composite Materials

Seven Most Promising Composite Materials

We are in a fast-changing, fast-changing era, the rapid development of science and technology, the pace of updating new materials technology is also faster and faster. A single material has been difficult to meet the requirements of mankind on a variety of comprehensive indicators, material composite has become an inevitable trend. Composite materials in such a trend of vigorous development, rapid growth in market size, at the same time, the material green, low-carbon, high-performance, renewable recycling and other environmentally friendly features gradually pay attention. So, which materials are in the minds of the industry with development potential? Today, to take you to understand the 7 most promising composite materials.

1. High-performance carbon fiber and its composite materials

Carbon fiber as the "king of lightweight", its density is less than 1/4 of steel, strength is 5 to 7 times the steel, while having high temperature, friction, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance and other characteristics. The main use of carbon fiber is as a reinforcing material and resin, metal, ceramics and carbon composite, manufacturing advanced composite materials. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites, its specific strength and specific modulus in the existing engineering materials is the highest.

Carbon fiber diameter of only 5 microns, equivalent to a hairline of ten to twelve, but the strength of the aluminum alloy more than four times. Compared with aluminum alloy structural parts, carbon fiber composite material weight reduction effect can reach 20% ~ 40%; compared with steel metal parts, carbon fiber composite material weight reduction effect can reach 60% ~ 80%.

2. High-performance para-aramid fiber and its composite materials

Para-aramid fiber is an extremely important strategic material, its strength is 5 to 6 times the steel wire, specific modulus is 2 to 3 times the steel or glass fiber, toughness is 2 times the steel, and the weight is only about 1/5 of the steel.

It can be used as both load-bearing structural materials, but also as heat, ablative and corrosion-resistant functional materials, is currently the world's largest production scale of high modulus, high strength, high temperature, acid and alkali resistance, light weight and other excellent properties of one of the organic fibers.

High-performance para-aramid fiber and its composites are mainly used in fiber optic enhancement, automotive industry, aerospace, electrical equipment, rail transportation, military protection, sporting goods, new energy and other fields. In recent years, China's research and development of para-aramid fibers has been fruitful, and technical barriers are constantly broken.

3. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and its composite materials

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and carbon fiber, aramid fiber and known as the world's three major high-tech fibers, is currently the world's highest strength and modulus than the fiber, its molecular weight of 1 million to 5 million of the polyethylene spun fibers.

In view of its light weight, high strength, specific energy absorption and other characteristics, has gradually replaced the aramid fiber, become the first choice of fiber in the field of individual bulletproof.

4. Carbon / carbon composite materials

Carbon / carbon composites are carbon fibers and their fabrics reinforced carbon-based composites, with light weight, good ablative resistance, good thermal shock resistance, high-temperature strength, designability and other outstanding features, is considered one of the most promising high-temperature materials.

Due to their unique properties, carbon/carbon composites have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry, medicine and other fields, such as rocket engine nozzles and their throat linings, end caps of space shuttles and thermal protection systems for wing leading edges, aircraft brake discs and so on.

5. Basalt fiber reinforced composites

Basalt fibers have high strength and stiffness, are resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, and are also very light. Compared with other composite materials, it is degradable, non-toxic, non-polluting to the environment, etc. It is known as the "green industrial material" in the 21st century. It has high application value in aerospace, military industry, road transportation and other fields.

6. Carbon / ceramic composite materials

Carbon / ceramic composites with high performance ceramics, high strength, high modulus, high hardness, impact resistance, oxidation resistance, high temperature, acid and alkali resistance, small coefficient of thermal expansion, light weight, etc., is a new type of high temperature structural and functional materials to meet the use of 1650 ° C. At the same time, carbon / ceramic composites can also be used in the field of aerospace, military, road traffic and other fields. At the same time, carbon / ceramic composites also overcome the general ceramic materials, brittle, single function and other shortcomings, is recognized as one of the ideal high-temperature structural materials and friction materials.

Carbon / ceramic composite materials are widely used in aerospace, defense industry, energy, automotive, high-speed trains and other fields. It is recognized as the most ideal high-temperature structural material and friction material in the new generation of aircraft and automobile brake materials, and it is also known as the highest level of brake material performance at present.

7. Metal matrix composite

Metal matrix composite is a composite material artificially combined with one or several metal or non-metal reinforcing phases with metal and its alloy as matrix, which is an important branch of modern composite materials.

It is characterized by high transverse and shear strength, good toughness and fatigue and other comprehensive mechanical properties, and also has the advantages of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, abrasion resistance, small coefficient of thermal expansion, good damping, non-hygroscopicity, no aging and non-pollution. Because of its excellent performance is widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronics and machine manufacturing industries.