Piperazine Pyrophosphate: A Synergistic Star in Polyolefin Flame Retardant Applications

Piperazine Pyrophosphate: A Synergistic Star in Polyolefin Flame Retardant Applications

Polyphosphoric Piperazine (PAPP), as a new generation of environmentally friendly flame retardant, is gradually becoming the focus of industry attention for its innovative applications in polymer flame retardancy. With its unique chemical structure and excellent flame retardant properties, this flame retardant not only provides an effective alternative to traditional flame retardants, but also shows its potential for a wide range of applications in a variety of polymer materials, especially in polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).

I. Innovative Properties

Piperazine pyrophosphate integrates the functions of acid source, gas source and charcoal source. This “three-in-one” design enables it to rapidly form a protective charcoal layer in case of fire, which effectively seals out oxygen and inhibits the spread of flames, thus improving the flame retardancy of the material. Compared with the traditional ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based flame retardant system, piperazine pyrophosphate shows better flame retardant effect and higher thermal stability, which is mainly due to the strengthening of nitrogen-phosphorus synergism in its molecular structure.

II. Application Cases

In YINSU Flame Retardant's PPAP-15, only 18%-20% of piperazine pyrophosphate is added to the PP material to achieve UL-94 V-0 flame retardant standard, which not only reduces the amount of flame retardant used, but also reduces the impact on the environment, and YINSU has invested a great deal of R & D resources in recent years, and developed a series of products based on piperazine pyrophosphate, which further enriches the market choices. which further enriches the market choices.

III. Synergistic effect

Although piperazine pyrophosphate itself contains a certain proportion of phosphorus and nitrogen, in order to further enhance the flame retardant properties, PPAP shows significant synergistic effect when compounded with different flame retardant additives, which makes it occupy a place in polymer flame retardant technology.

Compounding effect

1. Compounding with Melamine Polyphosphate (MPP):

In polypropylene (PP), piperazine pyrophosphate and MPP form a compound flame retardant, adding appropriate amount of aluminum hypophosphite (Aluminum Hypophosphite), can significantly improve the flame retardant efficiency, when the addition amount of pyrophosphate flame retardant reaches 18%, aluminum hypophosphite addition is only 1%, it can make the PP reach UL-94 V-0 flame retardant level.

2. Compounding with Melamine (MCA):

When applied to epoxy resins (EP), the combination of piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine shows excellent flame retardant properties. Experiments have shown that with a total flame retardant addition of only 6%, the material passes the UL-94 V-0 test with flying colors. o When applied to epoxy resins (EP), the combination of piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine shows excellent flame retardant properties.

3. Compounding with Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) and triazine carbon formers:

There is an obvious synergy between these three, making the flame retardant effect more significant, also able to meet the UL-94 V-0 flame retardant standard. o The flame retardant effect of the three is more significant, also able to meet the UL-94 V-0 flame retardant standard.

4. Compounding with Organic Montmorillonite (OMMT) and Melamine Polyphosphate (MPP):

o When applied to polyamide 6 (PA6), a compounded flame retardant with a PAPP mass fraction of 60.5%, an OMMT mass fraction of 9.0% and an MPP mass fraction of 30.5% results in a limiting oxygen index (LOI) for PA6 of up to 39.5% and meets the UL-94 V-0 rating. o When applied to polyamide 6, a compounded flame retardant with an OMMT mass fraction of 9.0% and an MPP mass fraction of 9.0% results in an ultimate flame retardant of up to 39.5%.

5. Compounding with Pentaerythritol (PER) and Melamine polyphosphate (MPP):

When compounded flame retardants are added to PP, only 18% addition is needed to meet UL-94 V-0 flame retardant level, demonstrating the efficient synergy between PAPP and PER and MPP.

Scientific rationale

The scientific basis of these synergistic effects is that PAPP itself has the characteristics of acid, gas and carbon source, which can promote the formation of carbon layer during the combustion process, while the combination with other flame retardants further optimizes the chemical reaction path during the flame retardant process and enhances the flame retardant effect. For example, melamine and pentaerythritol, as gas and carbon sources, can interact with the acid source in PAPP to promote the rapid formation and stabilization of the carbon layer, while the addition of montmorillonite (MMT) can help to improve the thermal stability of the material and the strength of the flame-retardant carbon layer.

Conclusion.

The use of piperazine pyrophosphate in combination with other flame retardants not only improves the flame retardant efficiency, but also reduces the total amount of flame retardant added, thus minimizing the negative impact on the physical properties of the materials, as well as reducing the cost. The discovery of this synergistic effect provides new ideas for the design of flame-retardant materials, which is expected to promote the development of flame-retardant technology in the direction of more efficient and environmentally friendly.

IV. Preparation process

Piperazine pyrophosphate is prepared by various methods, including piperazine diphosphate condensation method, complex decomposition precipitation method and phosphorus pentoxide method. Among them, the piperazine diphosphate condensation method is widely used because of its higher yield, but each method has its own characteristics and limitations, and future research may continue to explore more efficient and economical synthetic pathways.

V.Conclusion

As a multifunctional flame retardant, piperazine pyrophosphate shows excellent performance when compounded with different flame retardant additives, which makes it a star product in the field of flame retardant materials with much attention, and will play an increasingly important role in the application and research of flame retardant technology in the future.